Background The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of individual experts. Evidence from mechanistic data and prior studies suggests that exposure to long working hours may cause stroke. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from stroke that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. Objectives We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories 41-48, 49-54 and ?55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on stroke (three outcomes prevalence, incidence, and mortality). Data sources A protocol was developed and published, applying the Navigation Gu for the burden of stroke attributable to exposures to working 48-54 and ?55 h/week appears evidence-based, and the pooled effect estimates presented in this systematic review could be used as input data for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. PROTOCOL IDENTIFIER https//doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.016. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Bortezomib.html Prospero registration number CRD42017060124.Background The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing Joint Estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of experts. Evidence from mechanistic data suggests that exposure to long working hours may cause ischaemic heart disease (IHD). In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from IHD that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. Objectives We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories 41-48, 49-54 and ?55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on IHD (three outcomes prevalence, incidence and mortality). Data sources We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organces by WHO region and sex, but RRs were higher among persons with lower SES. Sensitivity analyses found no differences by outcome definition (exclusively non-fatal or fatal versus "mixed"), outcome measurement (health records versus self-reports) and risk of bias ("high"/"probably high" ratings in any domain versus "low"/"probably low" in all domains). Conclusions We judged the existing bodies of evidence for human evidence as "inadequate evidence for harmfulness" for the exposure categories 41-48 and 49-54 h/week for IHD prevalence, incidence and mortality, and for the exposure category ?55 h/week for IHD prevalence. Evidence on exposure to working ?55 h/week was judged as "sufficient evidence of harmfulness" for IHD incidence and mortality. Producing estimates for the burden of IHD attributable to exposure to working ?55 h/week appears evidence-based, and the pooled effect estimates presented in this systematic review could be used as input data for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates.Photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window exhibits enhanced deep-tissue imaging capability. Likely, cancer therapy in the NIR-II window could provide deeper penetration depth and higher exposure to laser over NIR-I. However, the traditional application of excitation light is still in the NIR-I window. In view of the excellent imaging and therapeutic capabilities of NIR-II window, we have demonstrated a simple polyoxometalate (POM) clusters (molecular formula (Na)n(PMo12O40) or (NH4+)n(PMo12O40)), which integrates NIR-II photoacoustic imaging and NIR-II photothermal therapy into an "all-in-one" theranostic nanoplatform, and could be used for PA imaging-guided photothermal therapy in the NIR-II window. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the POM clusters with good water solubility and biocompatibility were effective to kill tumor without recurrence and metastasis under 1064 nm laser illumination.Background and aims We aimed to investigate potential eligibility for proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease and dyslipidaemia according to patient characteristics and variable criteria. Methods We prospectively enrolled 2000 patients (acute coronary syndrome = 407, chronic coronary artery disease inpatients = 1087, outpatient Lipid's clinic = 506). To calculate PCSK-9 inhibitors real-world eligibility, a proprietary adjustable software was developed, which stores data and patient characteristics and can determine eligibility depending on different criteria. We tested four scenarios with different LDL thresholds according to ESC/EAS 2016 and 2019 Guidelines, 2017 American College of Cardiology Expert Consensus, and National criteria. Results The eligible percentage was 18.85%, 9.75%, 8.55% and 2.15%, in the total population for the four classifications, respectively, and it varied according to clinical status. The increase toward more recent guidelines was mostly attributed to the increasing number of coronary patients who become eligible as our criteria become stricter. Conclusions For the first time, a realistic estimation of PCSK-9 eligibility is provided via an adjustable predictive model in a population of 2000 patients with acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary artery disease and dyslipidaemia. This can be a valuable tool for the incorporation of PCSK-9 inhibitors in health care systems.Background Despite pneumonia being an emerging burden on Parkinson's disease patients, there is essentially nothing known on whether they are at an increased risk of pneumonia occurrence and their associated factors. Objectives To determine whether Parkinson's disease is associated with the risk of pneumonia and its associated factors. Methods Using nationwide database that covers the whole population in South Korea from 2002 to 2017, we identified newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients in 2004-2006, and selected four age- and sex-matched controls for each patient from the general population. From these patients and controls, we identified pneumonia occurrence until the end of the study period, and plotted Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model to determine its risk. Results We identified 10,159 Parkinson's disease patients and matched 39,574 controls. These patients showed a higher incidence rate than controls (11.21 vs. 3.61 events/1000 person-years) throughout the study period, and were at an increased risk of pneumonia (hazard ratio = 2.